Smart Contracts Documentation
Even though Liquid’s smart contracts repository is not public yet, we can outline the structure and functionality of the on-chain programs that power Liquid’s tokenization.
Asset Token Contracts (Solana Programs): Each tokenized asset on Liquid is represented by a set of on-chain entities:
An SPL Token Mint that represents the asset: This mint is configured according to the asset’s structure:
Full Ownership: If the asset will not be fractionalized, the mint may issue a single token (or a fixed small supply) representing the entire asset.
Fractional Ownership: The mint’s total supply is set to a large number (e.g., 1,000; 1 million; or 100 million tokens) reflecting divisible shares of the asset. The asset owner usually retains some portion and can distribute or sell the rest.
Revenue-Sharing or Debt Representation: The token can represent a claim on cash flows (e.g., rental income, loan interest). In such cases, the token contract might incorporate a mechanism for distributing dividends or interest to token holders, either via an associated on-chain program or off-chain handling recorded on-chain.
Time-Locked or Vesting Tokens: Liquid’s contracts support timelocks. Asset owners might lock their own tokens for regulatory lock-up periods or enforce vesting schedules for shareholders, freezing transfers of certain accounts until expiration.
Pre-Audited Contract Templates: Liquid has developed a suite of Solana programs to handle these different token behaviors. These programs:
Are pre-audited for security.
Are reused across multiple tokenizations with parameters tailored per asset.
Include modules like:
Transfer restrictions: Ensuring only KYC-approved wallets can hold certain tokens (e.g., through whitelists or verified NFTs like a Civic Pass).
Revenue-sharing distributions: Sending SOL or stablecoins periodically to token holders based on their share.
By deploying standardized, audited code for each asset (instead of writing a new contract each time), Liquid guarantees security and consistency, making it easier for developers and institutions to trust asset token contracts.
Metadata and Document Linking: Each asset’s on-chain record includes a pointer to its metadata and legal documentation, stored off-chain. Typically using Solana’s Token Metadata program, Liquid attaches a JSON metadata file to the asset’s mint with fields such as:
Name
Symbol
Description
IPFS links to documents (e.g., deed, contracts, appraisals)
Regulatory flags
This metadata is either immutable or restricted to updates only by trusted authorities (the issuer or Liquid), ensuring consistency and tamper-proof asset information.
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